Management and Organization Research Assignment Paper - 825 Words

Management and Organization Research Assignment Paper (Editing Sample) Content: Management and OrganizationStudents name:University affiliation:Management and OrganizationInfluencing skillsInfluencing skill is a necessary and vital tool in any organization. Influential skill is the ability of an individual to sway others to their way of thinking. This is normally done without the involvement of force or coercion. It is a situation that occurs frequently in most of the organizational dealings. Therefore, it is of great necessity for an individual to implement and practice an influential skill to ensure effectiveness and competency. Personally, I have come across and worked with people who are well known for their influential power irrespective of age, position or financial power. Frequently, influencing skill is exhibited in occasions where the organization requires necessary solutions regarding an alarming issue. According to Thomas, K.W., and R.H. Kilmann, this is the time where members of the organization don't think of anyone else but only t hem winning and may even not corporate with the others just to win.For instance, I tested my influencing skills during a work engagement with Chinese colleagues. The main issue was to analyze the purpose of our presentation and how each of us should contribute to the overall project. It was indeed a simple matter; however, it took us a couple of hours deciding on what was the best thing to do. As a member, I managed to influence and convince my colleague on the best analysis method and who was in the best position to carry out the presentation. At the end of the day, the whole team seconded my proposal and later emerged with as winners in our presentation. Therefore, influencing skill is an integral part of decision making and solution solving.Conflicting interestsConflict of interest is a situation that arises when an individual or company is involved with multiple opinions regarding a critical issue. Conflict of interest may arise due to several different factors such as culture and belief. Conflicts of interest are termed to be ubiquitous. Conflicts of interest are not necessarily a pushback. It is rather a description of a set of circumstances that takes various forms and can be manifested in several settings. The conflicts are normally based on situations, which there is reliance on the judgment of an external party with precise professional expertise. Individually, I encountered a moment of interest difference when I was an IBMS student. The conflict of interest was specifically as a result of cultural differences.My group members engaged in a conflict regarding leadership position. The members were conflicting about the person suit to represent the entire group as a leader. Additionally, the group focused on an individual with fair and acceptable cultural practice. As a result, every participating member was forced to contribute by offering the suggestion on the choice of interest. Unfortunately, this action resulted in a great conflict of interest, w hich forced the group to involve an outside party to resolve the issue . Nonetheless, Thomas Kilman's conflict Mode Instrument is the effective and appropriate tool that provides various means of handling conflicts. The tool enables individuals to understand how diverse-conflict handling methods impact interpersonal as well as group dynamics. The tools assist an individual in choosing the right way to solve the conflict. It analyses the conflict through assertiveness and cooperativeness. Therefore, Thomas's conflict Mode instrument is the best way o solving conflicts arising in any group.Negotiation skillNegotiation situations result when a group of individuals or parties disagree concerning an important issue. Negotiation skill is therefore required to bring together the differing parties by hammering out a solution that is acceptable and fair to all the involved individuals. This was clear during one time when we were negotiating on what method to use in researching for our group assignments and different members of the group gave different ideas depending on what they felt was the goal they want to achieve in the project .according to Harvard circle, there is no business skill is important compared to negotiation. Therefore, it is of great necessity to practice best negotiation skills to accomplish the set goals and objectives. Additionally, Mastenbroek test greatly assists an individual on what to do in case of conflict or confusion. It plays a significant role in helping people make appropriate and suitable decision regarding an issue.The style I embraced to solve this issue was to accommodate all their views and negotiate one method that will help all achieve an end goal that was to submit an excellently researched project. The influence of this style was that at the end of the day we chose of the most effective research methods that were okay with all the members of the group and ended up with a good project. In a case of future conflict or disagreement , I would use both collaborating and compromise conflict-handling methods to influence and negotiate on the issue.APPENDIXThomas Killman test resultsScore on accommodating:2Low score.Score on avoiding: 9High score.Score on seeking to compromise: 8Average score.Score on collaborating: 7Average score.Score on competing: 4Average score.Five methods of handling conflict10 Influencing skills Self-Analysis questionnaireScores Ranking 1 GC 4-3-4= 11x3= 33 2 2 P 3-3-3= 9x3= 27 3 3 TP 4-4-3= 11x3=33 2 4 R 4-4-4= 12x3=36 1 5 LS 3-3-2= 8x3=24 4 6 I 3-1-4= 8x3=24 4 7 GR 3-4-4= 11x3=33 2 8 O 4-3-2= 9x3=27 3 9 C 3-2-3= 8x3=24 4 10 T 3-3-3= 9x3=27 3GC= giving compliments R=ReasoningP= ProfilingLS= Listening, summarising and asking follow-up questionsTP= Taking a positionI= Involving the other personGR= Giving recognition to the other personO= Outlining an attractive future perspectiveC= Connecting with the other persons valuesT= Taking the first step1,2 and 3 Forceful kind of behaviour4 Reasoning and argumentation5,6 and 7 room for aspects to do with the relationship besides the task orientation8,9,10 Focus on inspiring othersBELBIN TESTSECTION (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) 1 1 2 6 1 2 5 5 3 4 1 5 4 5 5 5 4 1 2 3 6 6 2 2 7 2 1 2 4 1 SECTION CW

African-American Crime Cause and Effect Essay - 1729 Words

African American Crime: Cause and Effect Works Cited Not Included During the 1900s to the 1930s hundreds of thousands of Blacks moved from the South to the North, a period noted as the urban transformation. Many wanted to escape the atrocities of the South where they were haunted by slavery and hunted by angry ex-slaveholders. Their expectations of the North were unreal and often too hopeful. They had hoped for jobs in the cities but were greeted by overcrowded slums and angry immigrants. Black people immediately fell victim to race riots. White people joined together in their hatred of blacks. They did not want to lose their jobs to savages. Immigrants already had low paying jobs and black people would take even lower†¦show more content†¦After emancipation not much had changed. The heartless exploitation of their cheap labor kept them in a near slave state with no guarantee for the safety of their families. Blacks, if they could, had moved out of the South in search of jobs. Newspapers urged blacks to flee from the South. The Chicago Defender urged that anywhere was better than the South. Blacks moved in large numbers to the North not expecting the harsh environment. Blacks were greeted with mob violence just as they had encountered in the South however this time they would fight back. Blacks would no longer tolerate atrocities as they had so often in the South. (James W. Clark The Lineaments of Wrath 203) The riots could last for days as both parties were now fighting. Black people had been through so much and they wanted to stop being afraid. However the violent reactions they had were unleashed on everyone including each other. Even Fredrick Douglass noted that Everybody in the South wants the privilege of whipping someone else (Lineaments of Wrath 210) Whipping was a demonstration of punishment during slavery. Since there was no law control for black on black crime they took the liberty to punish each other and felt free to express anger and frustration on other blacks. Black people had a lo t of built up and repressed anger after slavery and it came out in the form of violence in the North. Black on black homicide rates were over two times higher than whites. (LineamentsShow MoreRelatedRacial Disparities Of Mass Incarceration1572 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation rapidly increased, so did the growth of the three major contributors to that population – African Americans, Hispanics, and whites – with African American and Hispanic incarcerations contributing more so than whites to the racial inequality in the prisons and jails. 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Many people advocate for the legalization of the drug solelyRead MoreWhite Flight, And The Effects Of It1482 Words   |  6 PagesThere have been many different studies that focus particularly on white flight, and the effects of it. Many studies particularly focus on reasons why it happened, and rarely on the effects of it. This particular paper will focus on the e ffects of white flight. It will mainly focus on certain effects such as crime and income levels within urban areas. White flight is a process in which white people, especially middle class white people, from inner city neighborhoods undergoing racial integrationRead MorePolice Influence on Society822 Words   |  4 Pagesof the 1960’s African Americans were treated brutally by the police in the United States. African Americans along with other minority groups were often abused by police. Minorities were viewed to have no rights and this treatment was commonplace. 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Revenue Allocation Formulae - 1815 Words

Revenue allocation formulae: The current revenue allocation formulae is 52.68%, 26.72% and 20.60%.for the F.G, States and L.Gs respectively | FEDERAL GOVT. | STATE GOVT. | LOCAL GOVT. | | | | | |52.68% |26.72% |20.60%. | THE CRITICS The current revenue allocation, as defined in Section 162 (2) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999, discriminates against the†¦show more content†¦For D/X = 0 (no derivation fund), and D/X = 1 (all available funds are by derivation), then the overall percentages are: Ratios: D/X = 0 50:25:25 36:28:36 D/X = 1 43.5:28.25:28:25 31.32:37.36:31.32 Swing: 6.5 – 3.25 – 3.25 4.68 – 9.36 – 4.68 It is as simple as that, and would be a good political compromise, and will not lead to too much shock in the system as D/X moves up or down, in which case Choice (i) is better than (ii) and (iii) are better. 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Basic Argument for Fatalism free essay sample

The â€Å"Basic† Argument for Theological Fatalism Fatalism Fatalism is the view that everything that happens in entirely unavoidable. Since everything that happens is unavoidable, none of our actions are genuinely up to us and we powerless to do anything other than what we actually do. Here is Richard Taylor on what the fatalist believes [â€Å"Fate† from Metaphysics, 4th Ed (Pearson, 1991)]: â€Å"A fatalist is someone who believes that whatever happens is and always was unavoidable. He thinks it is not up to him what will happen a thousand years hence, next year, tomorrow, or the very next moment. † (52) â€Å"A fatalist thinks of the future in the way we all think of the past, for everyone is a fatalist as he looks back on things. † (52) We all think of the past â€Å"as something settled and fixed, to be taken for what it is. We are never in the least tempted to try to modify it. It is not in the least up to us what happened last year, yesterday, or even a moment ago, any more than are the motions of the heaves or the political developments in Tibet. We say of past things that they are no longer within our power. The fatalist says they never were. † (52-53) Theological Fatalism According to the main versions of Western Monotheism (e. g. traditional Christianity), God is omniscient. To be omniscient is to have (in some important sense) unlimited knowledge. It’s hard to say what this amounts to, but let’s use the following definition (since it’s common) x is omniscient = for x knows every true proposition and x does not believe any false propositions. Many people think that omniscience is incompatible with human freedom, because it implies the doctrine of theological fatalism. Theological fatalism is the view that all human actions are unavoidable (and we are powerless to do anything other than what we actually do) because God has exhaustive foreknowledge of all future human actions. Here is an important statement of the argument for theological fatalism from Augustine (On Free Choice of the Will, Book III) I very much wonder how God can have foreknowledge of everything in the future, and yet we do not sin by necessity. It would be an irreligious and completely insane attack on God’s foreknowledge to say that something could happen otherwise than as God foreknew †¦ Since God foreknew that [Adam] was going to sin, his sin necessarily had to happen. How, then, is the will free when such inescapable necessity is found in it? Surely this is the problem †¦ How is it that these two propositions are not contradictory and inconsistent: (1) God has foreknowledge of everything in the future; and (2) We sin by the will, not by necessity? For, you say, if God foreknows that someone is going to sin, then it is necessary that he sin. But if it is necessary, the will has no choice about whether to sin; there is an inescapable and fixed necessity. And so you fear that this argument forces us into one of two positions: either we draw the heretical conclusion that God does not foreknow everything in the future; or, if we cannot accept this conclusion, we must admit that sin happens by necessity and not by will. The Basic Argument for Theological Fatalism Where S stands for any person whatsoever and A stands for any action, Augustine’s argument can be stated as: 1. For any person, S, and an action, A, that S performs, God knew in advance that S will do A. 2. If God knows in advance that S will do A, then it necessary that S will do A. 3. Therefore, it is necessary that S will do A. 4. If it is necessary that S will do A, then S is not free to refrain from performing A. 5. If S is not free to refrain from performing A, then S does not freely perform A. 6. Therefore, no person ever acts freely. Evaluating the argument Premise 2 is ambiguous †¢P2a: Necessarily, If God knows in advance that S will perform A, then S will perform A (De Dicto) †¢P2b: If God knows in advance that S will perform A, then necessarily S will perform A (De Re) P2a is true but the resulting argument is invalid P2a is true. It says that the proposition â€Å"if God knows in advance that S will perform A, then S will perform A† is necessarily true and this just means that it is impossible for God to know in advance that, for example, I will raise my arm at some time and I fail to raise my arm at that time. We can put this by saying that God’s knowing in advance that I will raise my arm at some time logically entails that I will raise my arm at that time. P2a is a way of expressing this truth. The resulting argument is invalid. Using P2a as the key premise, the argument is: 1. Necessarily, if God knows in advance that S will perform A, then S will perform A. 2. God knows in advance that S will perform A. 3. Therefore, necessarily, S will perform A. But this argument is invalid (the conclusion doesn’t follow from the premises). We can show this by means of a counterexample (an argument of the same form with true premises and a false conclusion). The form of this argument is: 1. Necessarily, If p, then p. 2. P 3. Therefore, necessarily q. To see that the argument is invalid, use the following substitutions: p = K. Sharpe weighs over 200lbs, q = K. Sharpe weighs over 199lbs. . Necessarily, If K. Sharpe weighs over 200lbs, then K. Sharpe weighs over 199lbs. 2. K. Sharpe weighs over 200lbs 3. Therefore, necessarily K. Sharpe weighs over 199lbs. The premises of this argument are true but the conclusion is obviously false (I could go on a diet and successfully lose some weight). I weigh over 199lbs but not essentially. I could weigh less than 199lbs and, i n fact, I did weigh less than 199lbs at one point. All that follows from the first two premises is that, in fact, I in fact weight more than 199lbs. It doesn’t follow that it is impossible for me to weigh less than 199lbs. Just in case you are not convinced, here is a second counterexample (Plantinga’s) 1. Necessarily, if I know that George Clooney is a bachelor, then George Clooney is a bachelor. 2. I know that George Clooney is a bachelor. 3. Therefore, it is necessarily true that George Clooney is a bachelor Again, the premises are true but the conclusion is false. George Clooney is a bachelor but he is not essentially a bachelor. He could get married, he just chooses not to. All that follows from the first two premises is that George Clooney is in fact a bachelor (not that he is essentially a bachelor). P2b renders the argument valid but it is obviously false 1. If God knows in advance that S will perform A, then necessarily S will perform A. 2. God knows in advance that S will perform A. 3. Therefore, necessarily S will perform A. This argument is valid (it’s just modus ponens) and so if the premises were true then conclusion would be true as well. But P2b is false. Given the de re reading of P2b, it says that whatever propositions God knows are necessarily true or, to put the point in terms of properties, if God knows that some object has a property then the object has that property essentially. Taken in this way, P2b is obviously false (nor does it follow from omniscience). Since the basic argument has to rely on either P2a or P2b, the argument is either invalid or relies on a false premise. Either way it’s unsound. Here is a way of thinking about this criticism of the argument. From the fact that God knows that Paul will mow his yard on July 7, 2015 it follows that, on July 7 2015, Paul mows his yard and that he does not refrain from mowing his yard on that day. But, it does not follow that it is metaphysically impossible for Paul to refrain from mowing his yard that day (that Paul does not refrain from mowing and it is impossible that Paul refrain from mowing are two very different things). All that follows from the fact that God knows in advance that Paul will mow is that Paul will not exercise his power to refrain not that he lacks the power the power to refrain. The basic argument for theological fatalism needs the later inference, but that inference is not a good one. Thus, the basic argument fails.